ECE — Engineering Board Exam Practice Questions

300 free engineering board exam reviewer questions on ECE (Laws, Contracts and Ethics), each with the correct answer and a worked solution.

After a building's PA/voice evacuation system is turned over, the designing ECE discovers an error in his own design that could make…
A company discovers on Monday that a hacker accessed its database of customers' government ID numbers. Under NPC rules on personal data…
A seller gave a buyer a 30-day option to buy a transmitter, and the buyer paid ₱10,000 as separate option money. On day 15, the seller…
On May 1, A mailed B an offer to sell testing equipment. B mailed his acceptance on May 5. On May 6, before receiving B's letter, A sent a…
Under Article 1723, if a building collapses within 15 years due to defects in construction, and the engineer who supervised the…
A ₱2,000,000 contract has two approved change orders: an addition of 8% and a deduction of 3% of the original contract price. What is the…
A ₱500,000 balance for a completed radio installation remained unpaid for 2 years after judicial demand. Using the 6% per annum legal…
The Philippine Competition Act, which created the Philippine Competition Commission, is:
A 'kickback' in procurement refers to:
When an engineer believes a client's project will not be successful or economical, ethical practice requires the engineer to:
A dispute resolution process in which a neutral third party helps the parties reach a voluntary settlement, without imposing a decision, is:
The Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of the Philippines is:
The principle that no one shall be unjustly enriched or benefited at the expense of another is found in:
Article 19 of the Civil Code (the 'abuse of rights' principle) requires every person, in the exercise of his rights and performance of his…
In a contract of lease of things, one party binds himself to give to another the enjoyment or use of a thing for:
A contract granting a person the privilege to buy a property within a certain period, for a separate consideration, is called a/an:
The transfer to a third person of all the rights of the creditor against the debtor (e.g., when a third person pays the debt) is called:
In the absence of a stipulated rate, the legal interest rate on loans or forbearance of money in the Philippines (BSP Circular No. 799…
A ₱6,000,000 contract imposes liquidated damages of 0.1% of the contract price per day, and the procuring entity may terminate when total…
Under the RA 9184 IRR, when the total liquidated damages reach ten percent (10%) of the contract amount, the procuring entity may:
A municipality contracts an ECE firm to design a public address and emergency warning system. During design, the mayor asks the firm to…
An engineer employed by a consulting firm prepares a feasibility study for Client A. Six months later, Client B (A's competitor) hires the…
A minor misrepresented his age, actively presenting a fake ID showing he was 21, to buy electronic equipment on credit. Later he seeks…
A written contract for installation of a broadcast system was breached on August 15, 2016. Until when may the injured party file an action…
A contract requires completion of an installation within 90 calendar days from receipt of the Notice to Proceed, which was received on…
Two contractors agree secretly that one will submit a high 'cover' bid so the other wins a government contract. This practice is called:
A municipality procures a radio system through 'shopping' for an amount far above the limit allowed for that method, and the BAC splits…
An owner verbally agreed with an ECE to design a structured cabling system for ₱80,000. The ECE delivered the design, which the owner…
A contractor and owner signed a contract with a liquidated damages clause of ₱100,000 per day of delay for a ₱1,000,000 installation. The…
A licensed engineer who certifies the installation of a fire detection and alarm system that he never inspected, which later fails during…
Professional liability (errors and omissions) insurance protects an engineer against:
An engineer's 'standard of care' in a negligence case is generally measured by:
The law of the Philippines that penalizes plunder (amassing ill-gotten wealth of at least ₱50 million) by public officers is:
'In pari delicto' means that when both parties are equally at fault in an illegal contract:
'Res ipsa loquitur' means:
'Caveat emptor' means:
'Pacta sunt servanda' means:
A surety bond in construction is a contract in which a surety company:
A contract in which a party agrees to answer for the debt of another if the latter fails to pay is a contract of:
Common carriers (including those carrying passengers) are required to observe:
'Diligence of a good father of a family' (bonus pater familias) refers to:
Employers are liable for damages caused by their employees acting within the scope of their assigned tasks, unless they prove the…
The obligation of a contractor to pay damages for injuries caused by his negligence to a passer-by (no contract between them) arises from:
Which of the following is NOT one of the five sources of obligations under the Civil Code?
An 'authorized cause' for termination of employment includes:
A 'just cause' for termination of employment under the Labor Code includes:
Under the Labor Code, work in excess of eight hours a day is:
Under the Labor Code, an employee who is dismissed without just or authorized cause and without due process is entitled to:
The Professional Tax Receipt (PTR) of a registered professional is paid to the:
The Bureau of Internal Revenue requires professionals in private practice to:
A professional partnership of engineers is generally formed for the purpose of:
A partner who contributes only his skill or labor to a partnership is called:
A corporation formed by a single stockholder under the Revised Corporation Code is called a:
The Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines is:
A business organization formed by two or more persons who contribute money, property or industry to a common fund with the intention of…
A business organization owned by one person who bears unlimited liability is a:
A broadcast station's transmitter, after an upgrade, emits spurious signals that interfere with an airport's navigation frequencies. Which…
An ECE in his free time, using only personal equipment and unrelated to his job as a sales engineer, invents a new audio circuit. With no…
An ECE designs an improved antenna while employed as an R&D engineer whose job is antenna design, using company equipment. There is no…
A telco employee downloads subscribers' names and numbers and sells them to a marketing company. Which laws are most directly violated?
A company installs CCTV cameras in its office restrooms to 'prevent theft'. Which statement is correct?
The Labor Code of the Philippines is:
The National Building Code of the Philippines is:
The Consumer Act of the Philippines, which covers product warranties and consumer protection, is:
The Philippine law that created a framework for the country's space development and use is:
Operating a radio transmitter without the required license and permits from the NTC violates:
An amateur radio operator in the Philippines must obtain a license from the:
In the Philippines, the person or entity that generally owns an invention made by an employee in the course of employment and as part of…
An invention is patentable in the Philippines if it is:
Reverse engineering a competitor's copyrighted firmware and distributing copies without authorization is:
Under the Intellectual Property Code, a 'utility model' protects:
Recording a private telephone conversation without the consent of all parties is generally prohibited under:
Under the E-Commerce Act (RA 8792), an electronic signature is:
Acquiring a domain name in bad faith to profit, mislead or destroy reputation is called:
Under RA 10175, intentionally altering, damaging or deleting computer data without right is called:
Under RA 10175, accessing a computer system without right is called:
Under the Data Privacy Act, organizations that process personal data are generally required to designate a:
The three general data privacy principles under the Data Privacy Act are:
Under the Data Privacy Act, processing of personal information is generally allowed when:
Under the Data Privacy Act, sensitive personal information includes:
Under RA 7925, which of the following is a stated policy?
Under RA 11659 (2022), which amended the Public Service Act, telecommunications services are:
The government agency responsible for type approval of radio and telecommunications equipment in the Philippines is the:
Computer programs are protected under the Intellectual Property Code primarily as:
Under RA 8293, copyright in most works generally lasts for:
Under RA 8293, a patent for an invention is generally valid for:
Under the Data Privacy Act, the individual whose personal information is processed is the:
The government agency that enforces the Data Privacy Act is the:
The government agency that handles patents, trademarks and copyright registration in the Philippines is the:
The Free Internet Access in Public Places Act is:
The SIM Registration Act, which requires registration of SIM cards, is:
The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines is:
The Electronic Commerce Act of 2000, which gives legal recognition to electronic documents and signatures, is:
The Data Privacy Act of 2012 is:
The Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT) was created by:
The Public Telecommunications Policy Act of the Philippines is:
The National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) was created under:
The Radio Control Law of the Philippines, which requires licenses for radio stations and operators, is:
An engineer-member of a BAC owns 40% of a company that is bidding for a radio communication project of the agency. Which is correct?
In a government bidding for network equipment with an ABC of ₱8,000,000, the bids were: A – ₱8,150,000; B – ₱7,600,000; C – ₱7,250,000 (C…
A 'post-qualification' in government procurement is conducted to:
Pre-bid conferences in government procurement are held to:
Under RA 6713, public officials and employees are required to file the:
A public official who has a financial or material interest in a transaction requiring the approval of his office violates:
The Approved Budget for the Contract (ABC) in government procurement is:
A bidder that is found to have submitted false documents in a government procurement may be:
Splitting a government contract into smaller amounts to avoid public bidding is:
Direct contracting (single-source procurement) is generally allowed when:
Alternative methods of procurement (e.g., direct contracting, shopping, negotiated procurement) may be used:
The constitutional body that investigates and prosecutes graft cases against public officials is the:
The Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees is:
The government agency that audits the use of public funds, including procurement, is the:
Under RA 9184, consulting services are generally awarded to the bidder with the:
Under RA 9184, contracts for goods and infrastructure are generally awarded to the bidder with the:
The committee in a government agency responsible for conducting the procurement process is the:
Under Philippine procurement law, the default method of procurement is:
The Government Procurement Reform Act enacted in 2003 is:
Under a cost-plus-fixed-fee contract with a fixed fee of ₱150,000, the estimated cost was ₱1,500,000 but the actual cost was ₱1,800,000…
Under a cost-plus-10%-fee contract, the actual cost of a telecom shelter installation is ₱1,800,000. What does the owner pay in total?
A unit-price contract specifies ₱850 per meter of installed cable. The estimate was 2,000 m, but the measured installed length is 2,350 m…
A contractor received a 15% advance payment on a ₱4,000,000 contract, to be recouped proportionally from progress billings. A billing for…
Under the RA 9184 IRR for infrastructure, liquidated damages equal one-tenth of one percent (0.1%) of the cost of the unperformed portion…
A ₱2,000,000 contract allows 10% retention on each progress billing. The first billing is for 30% of the work. Ignoring advance payment…
A contract for a ₱5,000,000 CCTV project provides liquidated damages of 0.1% of the contract price per day of delay. The contractor…
In a contract, a 'warranty' generally refers to:
A Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) is generally:
A non-disclosure agreement (NDA) is used to:
A Service Level Agreement (SLA) in an ICT maintenance contract typically specifies:
A 'scope of work' (SOW) document defines:
Testing and commissioning of an installed system is generally done:
A performance guarantee test in an electronic systems contract is conducted to:
An extension of contract time is usually justified when delay is caused by:
'Time is of the essence' in a contract means that:
A subcontractor is a party who:
Substantial completion of a project means that:
A 'punch list' prepared near the end of a project contains:
A 'Request for Information' (RFI) in a project is used by the contractor to:
When there is a conflict between the drawings and the specifications and the contract is silent on precedence, the generally accepted rule…
In which type of contract does the CONTRACTOR bear the greatest risk of cost overruns?
In which type of contract does the OWNER bear the greatest risk of cost overruns?
The period after completion during which the contractor must repair defects at its own cost is the:
A clause stating that if one provision of the contract is held invalid, the rest remain in effect, is the:
The government body in the Philippines with original and exclusive jurisdiction over construction disputes when parties agree to…
A contract clause that allows the price to be adjusted when material or labor costs change significantly is called an:
A clause excusing performance when events beyond the parties' control (e.g., war, natural disasters) prevent it is called a:
A document listing the items of work with their quantities, used for pricing bids, is the:
Detailed drawings prepared by the contractor or supplier showing how equipment will be fabricated or installed are called:
Drawings that show the final installed configuration of a system, including field changes, are called:
A security submitted with a bid to guarantee that the bidder will enter into the contract if awarded is called a:
A portion of each progress payment withheld by the owner to ensure proper completion of the work is called:
A formal written order issued after contract award that modifies the scope, price or time of the contract is called a:
A 'turnkey' contract means the contractor delivers:
A contract in which the owner pays the contractor's actual costs plus an agreed fee or percentage is called a:
A contract in which payment is based on measured quantities of work multiplied by agreed rates is called a:
A construction contract in which the contractor agrees to complete the entire work for a fixed total price is called a:
A building completed in 2010 collapsed in 2022 because of a defect in the structural plans. Within what period must the owner file the…
A contract to supply surveillance equipment for an illegal gambling operation is:
A verbal agreement was made on January 2, 2024 to maintain a company's PABX system for two years, starting the following month. The…
A 17-year-old student signs a contract with a computer shop to buy a laptop on installment without parental consent. When the student…
An ECE contractor agreed in writing to install a fiber network for a subdivision. Before work began, the developer discovered that the…
Damages awarded to vindicate a right that has been violated even if no actual loss is proven are:
Damages imposed by way of example or correction for the public good, in addition to other damages, are:
Damages awarded to compensate for actual pecuniary loss that has been duly proven are called:
Liquidated damages in a contract are:
Simulation of contract where the parties do not intend to be bound at all is called:
A contract that is entered into by both parties who are incapable of giving consent (e.g., both are minors) is:
A 'stipulation' that exempts a party from liability for his own fraud is:
Under Article 1723 of the Civil Code, the engineer or architect who drew up the plans and specifications of a building is liable for…
A contract in which the contractor binds himself to execute a piece of work for the employer for a price is called a:
A contract of agency is one where a person binds himself to:
Earnest money given in a contract of sale is:
Under Article 1146, an action upon a quasi-delict prescribes in:
Under Article 1145, an action upon an oral contract prescribes in:
Under Article 1144, an action upon a written contract prescribes in:
An oral contract for the sale of electronic equipment worth ₱100,000 that has been fully delivered and paid is:
Ambiguities in a contract prepared by one party (contract of adhesion) are generally interpreted:
When the terms of a contract are clear and leave no doubt about the intention of the parties:
A contract with a stipulation in favor of a third person (stipulation pour autrui) allows the third person to:
Fraud that is the reason why a party entered into the contract (without which the party would not have agreed) is called:
A voidable contract may be confirmed or ratified, which:
The action to annul a voidable contract based on intimidation, violence or undue influence must be brought within:
A contract where the object is outside the commerce of men, impossible, or not determinate as to its kind is:
A contract that depends on chance or an uncertain event, such as insurance, is called a/an:
A contract in which both parties have obligations to each other, such as a sale, is called a:
Contracts that are valid but may be rescinded because they cause economic damage (lesion) to a party or third persons, such as those made…
Under the Statute of Frauds, which of the following must be in writing to be enforceable?
A contract entered into in the name of another by one who has no authority is:
A void contract:
Contracts whose cause, object or purpose is contrary to law, morals, good customs, public order or public policy are:
Under Article 1330, consent given through mistake, violence, intimidation, undue influence or fraud makes the contract:
An acceptance that adds conditions or changes the terms of the offer is legally a:
The three stages of a contract are:
Contracts that require a specific form for validity, such as a donation of real property, are called:
Contracts that are perfected by mere consent are called:
The principle that contracts take effect only between the parties, their assigns and heirs is called:
The principle that parties may establish such stipulations as they deem convenient, provided these are not contrary to law, morals, good…
Under Article 1318, the essential requisites of a contract are:
Under Article 1305 of the Civil Code, a contract is a:
X owes Y ₱50,000 due on March 1. Y owes X ₱30,000, also due and demandable on March 1, both in money. What is the effect if both debts are…
A, B and C jointly (not solidarily) owe D ₱300,000 in equal shares. B becomes insolvent. How much can D collect from A?
A, B and C solidarily owe D ₱300,000. D demands the full amount from A, who pays. What is A's right afterward?
A contractor (debtor) agreed to deliver and install a radio system by June 30. He did not deliver, and on July 10 a typhoon destroyed his…
In a solidary obligation, the creditor may demand payment of the entire obligation from:
The debtor is generally NOT liable for loss due to a fortuitous event EXCEPT when:
If a debtor delivers a thing other than what is due, the creditor generally:
'Dacion en pago' (dation in payment) means:
The deposit of the thing due with the court when the creditor unjustly refuses to accept payment is called:
A condition that depends solely on the will of the debtor (purely potestative) makes a suspensive conditional obligation:
An accessory undertaking to assume greater liability in case of breach, such as a fixed amount per day of delay, is called a:
An obligation in which only one thing is due but the debtor may substitute another thing is a/an:
An obligation in which several things are due but the performance of one of them is sufficient to extinguish it is a/an:
In reciprocal obligations, if one party fails to comply, the injured party may:
'Compensatio morae' occurs when:
A debtor who fails to perform due to fraud, negligence or delay, or who contravenes the tenor of the obligation, is liable for:
An obligation in which each debtor is liable for the entire obligation is called:
A condition whose fulfillment gives rise to the obligation is called a:
The gratuitous renunciation by the creditor of the right to demand payment is called:
When two persons are mutually creditors and debtors of each other, the obligations may be extinguished to the concurrent amount by:
The extinguishment of an obligation by substituting a new one that changes its object, parties or principal conditions is called:
Under Article 1231 of the Civil Code, obligations are extinguished by all of the following EXCEPT:
Delay or default by the debtor in performing an obligation is called:
The parties to an obligation are the:
Negotiorum gestio is the:
A quasi-contract is a juridical relation arising from:
A quasi-delict is an act or omission that causes damage to another through fault or negligence when there is:
Under Article 1157 of the Civil Code, the sources of obligations are:
Under Article 1156 of the Civil Code, an obligation is defined as:
An engineer working on a radio tower project realizes that the tower's foundation design (prepared by a civil engineer) appears inadequate…
A senior engineer copies a competitor's patented circuit into the company's product to save time. A junior ECE notices this. What is the…
An engineer evaluating bids for a government CCTV project is offered ₱200,000 by a bidder 'for coffee'. The engineer refuses but the…
An ECE working for a telco learns that the company's billing system overcharges thousands of subscribers. Internal reports were ignored…
During testing, an ECE finds that a hospital nurse-call system she designed fails intermittently. The project manager insists on turnover…
Fairness in engineering procurement evaluation requires that:
An engineer who has not received the full payment for professional services from a client should:
'Normalization of deviance' refers to:
Rights ethics holds that:
Cost–benefit analysis in engineering ethics is most closely associated with which ethical theory?
An engineer who, under pressure, signs off on a design known to be unsafe can be held:
In engineering ethics, the 'paramountcy principle' means that:
An engineer receives a commission from a contractor for recommending the contractor to the engineer's client without the client's…
Placing advertisements that make exaggerated or misleading claims about one's engineering services is:
An engineer who is a member of a government evaluation committee should, when a relative's company submits a bid:
A 'professional' differs from an ordinary worker mainly because a professional:
Which statement best describes the relationship between law and ethics?
The term 'due diligence' in professional practice refers to:
Engineers should not knowingly associate with or allow the use of their names by persons or firms engaged in:
An engineer leaving a company and taking proprietary design files to a new employer is:
An engineer who certifies that a system meets the code without actually inspecting it is guilty of:
Offering to perform engineering services free or at an unreasonably low fee solely to secure a contract from a competitor who is already…
An engineer is asked to review a design prepared by another engineer for the same client. The ethical practice is to:
An engineer is invited by a supplier to an expensive overseas trip while evaluating that supplier's bid. The engineer should:
If an engineer's employer overrules the engineer's judgment in a way that endangers life or property, the engineer should:
An engineer discovers that a product the company is about to release has a safety defect that could injure users. The FIRST appropriate…
The 1981 Hyatt Regency walkway collapse in Kansas City is a classic engineering ethics case involving:
The 1986 Space Shuttle Challenger disaster is often cited in engineering ethics because:
Kant's categorical imperative states that one should:
An ethical theory that holds that some actions are right or wrong in themselves, regardless of consequences, based on duties and rules is:
An ethical theory that judges actions by the amount of good (benefit) they produce for the greatest number of people is:
Engineers should issue public statements only in a/an:
Undertaking work for an employer and secretly doing similar paid work for a competitor without consent is called:
Presenting another engineer's design or work as one's own is:
The act of an employee reporting illegal or unsafe practices of the employer to authorities or the public is called:
An engineer who reveals an employer's confidential technical information to a competitor without consent violates the duty of:
Accepting a substantial gift from a supplier whose products the engineer is evaluating is:
When an engineer has a potential conflict of interest, the proper action is to:
Ethics is best described as:
The fundamental canon of most engineering codes of ethics is that engineers shall hold paramount the:
An Electronics Engineer did not renew the professional ID and did not meet CPD requirements, but continued to sign technical documents…
A foreign telecom vendor sends its engineer to the Philippines to supervise the installation of equipment for six months. Which is most…
A registered Electronics Engineer is asked by a friend to sign and seal plans prepared entirely by an unknown third party, which the…
A BS ECE graduate who failed the licensure examination is hired to design and sign the electronic security system plans for a building…
Which of the following institutions grants the academic degree, as distinguished from the professional license?
Under the PRC Modernization Act (RA 8981), the PRC is headed by:
An Electronics Engineer whose certificate has been revoked may generally apply for reinstatement:
Membership in the integrated and accredited professional organization (IECEP) for registered electronics professionals is intended to:
The purpose of requiring Continuing Professional Development for registered professionals is to:
The 'Code of Technical Standards' for electronics engineering practice is adopted and promulgated by the:
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Board of Electronics Engineering?
Under the Board's quasi-judicial powers, the Board of Electronics Engineering may:
A person who practices electronics engineering without a valid certificate of registration may be:
The act of allowing an unlicensed person to use one's name, seal or license to practice is generally referred to as:
Which of the following is a ground for revocation or suspension of a certificate of registration under professional regulatory laws such…
A registered professional's seal should be used:
Electronics plans, designs and specifications submitted to government authorities are required to be signed and sealed by a:
Under RA 9292, a person teaching professional electronics engineering subjects in a college must generally be:
Under RA 9292, the practice of electronics engineering includes all of the following EXCEPT:
The 1987 Philippine Constitution provides that the practice of all professions in the Philippines is limited to:
The law requiring registered professionals to undergo Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is:
The PRC professional identification card is generally valid for:
The document issued by the PRC that serves as evidence of a professional's valid registration and must be renewed periodically is the:
To practice as an Electronics Engineer in the Philippines, a person must:
The agency that administers licensure examinations for electronics engineers is the:
The integrated and accredited professional organization of electronics engineers in the Philippines is the:
The Board of Electronics Engineering is composed of:
The government body that regulates and supervises the practice of electronics engineering under RA 9292 is the:
Under RA 9292, the registered professional with the most limited scope of practice is the:
The highest level of registered electronics professional under RA 9292 is the:
RA 9292 repealed the earlier law governing electronics and communications engineering, which was:
RA 9292 is officially known as the:
The law that regulates the practice of electronics engineering in the Philippines is: